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Cardinal低抖动晶体振荡器详情

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浏览:- 发布日期:2023-09-05 11:12:37【
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Cardinal低抖动晶体振荡器详情,Cardinal投资于石英晶体技术,为那些需要频率控制设备的用户提供最新的大批量产品。Cardinal成立了合资企业和子公司,以提供最高频率、最高质量的零件。随着持续不断变化的市场需求增长,Cardinal公司利用自身的优势,在市场之中找到自身新的定位,并通过优化与迭代自身的石英晶振产品,从而形成独特的差异化,在产品性能与品质方面,以高于用户满意度为最大的标准,使得用户更加乐于与之建立良好的合作关系。

Cardinal Components Inc,Inc .致力于通过提高产量、降低成本、提高客户满意度以及满足员工对培训、安全和士气的期望来持续提高质量。

Cardinal Components已确定精确测量晶体振荡器的抖动,或低于1皮秒,是目前唯一的方法可用于测量相位噪声并计算RMS抖动。请参阅我们的应用说明“晶体振荡器低抖动应用”,以获得完整的解释。什么时候测量晶体振荡器的相位噪声,我们使用双源方法。这导致单个1Hz带宽中相位的边带测量从载体则单边带相位噪声结果为在指定频带上积分,通常为10Hz至1MHz或12kHz至20MHz,具体取决于应用程序。SONET要求的带宽为12千赫至20兆赫。此频域集成相位噪声,单位为dBc/Hz,然后转换为时间
域RMS抖动(皮秒)。
在Cardinal Components非PLL振荡器中,RMS抖动具有随机高斯分布,因为不使用锁相环。结果在缺乏离散杂散和多模态的情况下非高斯分布。因此,几乎没有低噪声供电时的确定抖动电源。当抖动具有高斯时响应,RMS抖动是标准偏差或西格玛值。
Cardinal组件中使用的石英晶体振荡器具有非常高的Q值。加载的Q振荡器谐振器环路的超过100000。当振荡器级产生信号,频率可以位于振荡带宽。然而,对于高Q谐振器实现窄的振荡带宽,振荡器可以制造出具有非常低抖动的。
具有基数抖动的高斯分布分量振荡器,周期的平均值位于高斯曲线的中心。标准偏差(1西格玛)定义为
包含发生的总振荡的68.26%。这窗户放在中间的一边。1西格玛(标准偏差)值是振荡器输出信号。作为标准的编号偏离均值增加产生该周期偏差信号的振荡器是大大减少。在14.069西格玛时,概率为1:1012.FIBRE通道规范要求14西格玛可靠性.

原厂编码 美国进口晶振 描述 类型 频率 输出 频率稳定度 工作温度
CPPFXC7L-A7BR-77.76PD Cardinal OSC XO 77.76MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 77.76MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LZ-A7BR-25.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 25MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LZ-A7BR-34.56TS Cardinal OSC XO 34.56MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 34.56MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LZ-A7BR-75.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 75.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 75MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7R-A7BR-40.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 40MHz CMOS - -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7L-A7BR-14.31818TS Cardinal OSC XO 14.31818MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 14.31818MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LT-A7BR-12.288TS Cardinal OSC XO 12.288MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 12.288MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7L-A7BR-20.0PD Cardinal OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 20MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LT-BP-20.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 20MHz CMOS ±45ppm 0°C ~ 70°C
CPPFXC7L-A7BR-20.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 20MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LT-BP-3.6864TS Cardinal OSC XO 3.6864MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 3.6864MHz CMOS ±45ppm 0°C ~ 70°C
CPPFXC7L-A7BR-24.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 24MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LZ-A5BR-49.152TS Cardinal OSC XO 49.152MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 49.152MHz CMOS ±25ppm -20°C ~ 70°C
CPPFXC7L-A7BR-25.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 25MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LZ-A7BR-16.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 16MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LZ-A7BR-7.15909PD Cardinal OSC XO 7.15909MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 7.15909MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7L-A7BR-13.253TS Cardinal OSC XO 13.253MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 13.253MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPFXC7LZ-A7BR-112.5PD Cardinal OSC XO 112.5MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 112.5MHz CMOS ±25ppm -40°C ~ 85°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-1.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 1.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 1MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-58.9824TS Cardinal OSC XO 58.9824MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 58.9824MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-6.144TS Cardinal OSC XO 6.144MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 6.144MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-60.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 60.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 60MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-65.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 65.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 65MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-66.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 66MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-25.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 25MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-66.667TS Cardinal OSC XO 66.667MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 66.667MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-66.66TS Cardinal OSC XO 66.66MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 66.66MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-27.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 27.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 27MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-7.3728TS Cardinal OSC XO 7.3728MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 7.3728MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-8.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 8.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 8MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-8.25TS Cardinal OSC XO 8.25MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 8.25MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-80.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 80.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 80MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-9.210TS Cardinal OSC XO 9.21MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 9.21MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-9.473TS Cardinal OSC XO 9.473MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 9.473MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-100.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 100MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-9.6TS Cardinal OSC XO 9.60MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 9.6MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-9.8304TS Cardinal OSC XO 9.8304MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 9.8304MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-104.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 104.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 104MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-98.304TS Cardinal OSC XO 98.304MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 98.304MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3BP-24.576TS Cardinal OSC XO 24.576MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 24.576MHz CMOS ±50ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3BP-27.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 27.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 27MHz CMOS ±50ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-28.63636TS Cardinal OSC XO 28.63636MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 28.63636MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3BP-29.5TS Cardinal OSC XO 29.50MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 29.5MHz CMOS ±50ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-11.0592TS Cardinal OSC XO 11.0592MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 11.0592MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3BP-50.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 50.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 50MHz CMOS ±50ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-6.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 6.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 6MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-24.576TS Cardinal OSC XO 24.576MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 24.576MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-1.8432TS Cardinal OSC XO 1.8432MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 1.8432MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-10.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 10.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 10MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-106.25TS Cardinal OSC XO 106.25MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 106.25MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-28.6364TS Cardinal OSC XO 28.6364MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 28.6364MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-32.768TS Cardinal OSC XO 32.768MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 32.768MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-35.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 35.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 35MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-30.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 30MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-11.2896TS Cardinal OSC XO 11.2896MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 11.2896MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-32.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 32.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 32MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-112.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 112.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 112MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-12.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 12.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 12MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-33.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 33.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 33MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-33.3333TS Cardinal OSC XO 33.3333MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 33.3333MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-14.31818TS Cardinal OSC XO 14.31818MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 14.31818MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-33.333TS Cardinal OSC XO 33.333MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 33.333MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-14.318TS Cardinal OSC XO 14.318MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 14.318MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-33.33TS Cardinal OSC XO 33.33MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 33.33MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-14.7456TS Cardinal OSC XO 14.7456MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 14.7456MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-16.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 16MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-4.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 4.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 4MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-18.432TS Cardinal OSC XO 18.432MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 18.432MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-40.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 40MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-2.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 2.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 2MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-48.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 48.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 48MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-20.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 20MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-49.152TS Cardinal OSC XO 49.152MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 49.152MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-20.48TS Cardinal OSC XO 20.48MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 20.48MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-22.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 22.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 22MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-50.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 50.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 50MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-24.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 24MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-54.0TS Cardinal OSC XO时钟振荡器 54.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 54MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7L-A3B6-57.344TS Cardinal OSC XO 57.344MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 57.344MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-17.7344TS Cardinal OSC XO 17.7344MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 17.7344MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-20.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 20MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-22.1184TS Cardinal OSC XO 22.1184MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 22.1184MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-24.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 24MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-24.576TS Cardinal OSC XO 24.576MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 24.576MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5L-A3B6-1.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 1.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 1MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-27.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 27.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 27MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-30.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 30MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5L-A3B6-16.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 16MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-32.768TS Cardinal OSC XO 32.768MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 32.768MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5L-A3B6-25.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 25MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B-24.576TS Cardinal OSC XO 24.576MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 24.576MHz CMOS - -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5L-A3B6-32.768TS Cardinal OSC XO 32.768MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 32.768MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5L-A3B6-40.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 40MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-1.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 1.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 1MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5-A3B6-1.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 1.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 1MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-1.8432TS Cardinal OSC XO 1.8432MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 1.8432MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-66.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 66MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-1.8TS Cardinal OSC XO 1.80MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 1.8MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5L-A3B6-8.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 8.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 8MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5-A3B6-16.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 16MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-7.5TS Cardinal OSC XO 7.50MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 7.5MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-8.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 8.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 8MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-12.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 12.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 12MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-14.7456TS Cardinal OSC XO 14.7456MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 14.7456MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-8.192TS Cardinal OSC XO 8.192MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 8.192MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3BP-16.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 16MHz CMOS ±50ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-25.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 25MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC5L-A3B6-10.0TS Cardinal OSC XO 10.000MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 10MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
CPPC7-A3B6-3.6864TS Cardinal OSC XO 3.6864MHZ CMOS SMD XO (Standard) 3.6864MHz CMOS ±100ppm -55°C ~ 125°C
确定峰间(Pk到Pk)值取决于取决于所需的可靠性。可靠性越高则Pk到Pk的值越大,即使发生的概率大大降低西格玛值。在14西格玛时,概率接近1:1012。Cardinal低抖动晶体振荡器详情.

这被认为是我们用来确定的标准从RMS抖动值的Pk到Pk抖动。如果红衣主教分量振荡器具有2皮秒RMS抖动,Pk到Pk的抖动是28皮秒。这也是被认为是总抖动(TJ)。

图25

下图显示了其他所需的西格玛偏差各种可能性:
概率西格玛

1:108 11.224 

1:109 11.996 1:1010 12.723 1:1011 13.412 

1:1012 14.069 1:1013 14.698 1:1014 15.301 

1:1015 15.883 1:1016 16.444

Cardinal Components has determined that to accurately measure jitter of crystal oscillators, at or below 1 pico-second, the only method presently available is to measure phase noise and calculate RMS jitter. See our application note “Crystal Oscillators for Low Jitter Applications” for a full explanation. When measuring the phase noise of crystal oscillators, we use the two source method. This results in a single sideband measurement of phase in a 1 Hz bandwidth over a specific range of offset frequencies from the carrier. The single side band phase noise result is then integrated over a specified band of frequencies, usually 10 Hz to 1 MHz or 12 kHz to 20 MHz depending on the application. The SONET requirement bandwidth is 12 kHz to 20 MHz. This frequency domain integrated phase noise, in dBc/Hz, is then converted into a time domain RMS jitter in picoseconds.

In Cardinal Components non-PLL oscillators, the RMS jitter has a random Gaussian distribution, because there are no phase locks loops used. This results in the lack of discrete spurious and multimodal non-Gaussian distribution. Hence, there is little or no deterministic jitter when powered by a low noise power supply. When the jitter has a Gaussian response, the RMS jitter is the standard deviation or one sigma value.

The crystals used in the Cardinal Components oscillators have a very high Q value. The loaded Q of the oscillator resonator loop is between 10,000 to over 100,000. When the oscillator stage generates the signal, the frequency can reside anywhere within the oscillating bandwidth. However, with high Q resonators achieving a narrow oscillation bandwidth, oscillators with very low jitter can be manufactured. 

With the Gaussian distribution of jitter of the Cardinal Components oscillators, the Mean value of the period is in the center of the Gaussian curve. Standard Deviation (1 sigma) is defined as the window that contains 68.26% of the total oscillation that occurs. This window is placed on one side of the mean. The 1 sigma (Standard Deviation) value is the RMS jitter of the oscillator output signal. As the number of Standard Deviations increases from the Mean, the chance of the oscillator producing a signal of that period deviation is greatly reduced. At 14.069 sigma, the probability is 1:1012. FIBRE Channel specifications requires 14 sigma reliability.

Determining the Peak to Peak (Pk to Pk) value depends on the reliability that is desired. The more reliability desired, the greater the Pk to Pk value even though the probability of occurrences greatly reduces with higher sigma values. At 14 sigma, the probability is near 1:1012 . This is considered the standard we use to determine the Pk to Pk jitter from the RMS jitter value. If a Cardinal Components oscillator has a 2 picoseconds RMS jitter, the Pk to Pk jitter is 28 picoseconds. This is also considered the Total Jitter (TJ) .